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Artificial scarcity
Artificial scarcity describes the scarcity of items even though either the technology and production, or sharing capacity exists to create an abundance, as well as the use of private property laws to create scarcity where otherwise there would not be. The most common causes are monopoly pricing structures, such as those enabled by private property rights or by high fixed costs in a particular marketplace. The inefficiency associated with artificial scarcity is formally known as a deadweight loss.
==Background==
In a capitalist system, an enterprise is judged to be successful and efficient if it is profitable. To obtain maximum profits, producers may be restricting production rather than ensuring the maximum utilisation of resources. This strategy of restricting production by firms in order to obtain profits in a capitalist system or mixed economy is known as creating artificial scarcity.〔http://www.worldsocialism.org/spgb/apr98/scarcity.html Artificial scarcity〕
Artificial scarcity essentially describes situations where the producers or owners of a good restrict its availability to others beyond what is strictly necessary. Ideas and information are prime examples of unnecessarily scarce products given artificial scarcity, as illustrated in the following quote:
Even though ideas, as illustrated above, can be shared with less constraints than physical goods, they are often treated as unique, scarce, inventions or creative works, and thus alloted protection as intellectual properties in order to allow the original authors to potentially profit from their own work.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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